🐐 Array slicing

README.md

@@ -121,6 +121,14 @@ Individual elements can be accessed by index using square brackets. Indexing is
 > I
 ```
 
+A sub-array can be extracted with `VSQVE` inside the index brackets. Both bounds are inclusive and 1-based:
+
+![Array slicing](snippets/array_slice.png)
+
+```
+> [XX, XXX, XL]
+```
+
 ### Dicts (TABVLA)
 
 Dicts are key-value maps created with the `TABVLA` keyword and curly braces:

centvrion/ast_nodes.py

@@ -847,6 +847,49 @@ class ArrayIndex(Node):
     return vtable, lst[i - 1]
 
 
+def _to_index_int(val):
+  if isinstance(val, ValInt):
+    return val.value()
+  if isinstance(val, ValFrac) and val.value().denominator == 1:
+    return val.value().numerator
+  raise CentvrionError("Array index must be a number")
+
+
+class ArraySlice(Node):
+  def __init__(self, array, from_index, to_index) -> None:
+    self.array = array
+    self.from_index = from_index
+    self.to_index = to_index
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    return (type(self) == type(other)
+      and self.array == other.array
+      and self.from_index == other.from_index
+      and self.to_index == other.to_index)
+
+  def __repr__(self) -> str:
+    return f"ArraySlice({self.array!r}, {self.from_index!r}, {self.to_index!r})"
+
+  def print(self):
+    return f"{self.array.print()}[{self.from_index.print()} VSQVE {self.to_index.print()}]"
+
+  def _eval(self, vtable):
+    vtable, array = self.array.eval(vtable)
+    vtable, from_val = self.from_index.eval(vtable)
+    vtable, to_val = self.to_index.eval(vtable)
+    if not isinstance(array, ValList):
+      raise CentvrionError("Cannot slice a non-array value")
+    from_int = _to_index_int(from_val)
+    to_int = _to_index_int(to_val)
+    lst = array.value()
+    if from_int < 1 or to_int > len(lst) or from_int > to_int:
+      raise CentvrionError(
+        f"Slice [{from_int} VSQVE {to_int}] out of range"
+        f" for array of length {len(lst)}"
+      )
+    return vtable, ValList(lst[from_int - 1 : to_int])
+
+
 class SiStatement(Node):
   def __init__(self, test, statements, else_part) -> None:
     self.test = test

centvrion/compiler/emit_expr.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from centvrion.errors import CentvrionError
 from centvrion.ast_nodes import (
   String, InterpolatedString, Numeral, Fractio, Bool, Nullus, ID,
   BinOp, UnaryMinus, UnaryNot,
-  ArrayIndex, DataArray, DataRangeArray, DataDict,
+  ArrayIndex, ArraySlice, DataArray, DataRangeArray, DataDict,
   BuiltIn, Invoca, Fvnctio,
   num_to_int, frac_to_fraction,
 )
@@ -120,6 +120,15 @@ def emit_expr(node, ctx):
     tmp = ctx.fresh_tmp()
     return arr_lines + idx_lines + [f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_list_index({arr_var}, {idx_var});"], tmp
 
+  if isinstance(node, ArraySlice):
+    arr_lines, arr_var = emit_expr(node.array, ctx)
+    lo_lines, lo_var = emit_expr(node.from_index, ctx)
+    hi_lines, hi_var = emit_expr(node.to_index, ctx)
+    tmp = ctx.fresh_tmp()
+    return arr_lines + lo_lines + hi_lines + [
+      f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_list_slice({arr_var}, {lo_var}, {hi_var});"
+    ], tmp
+
   if isinstance(node, DataArray):
     lines = []
     tmp = ctx.fresh_tmp()

centvrion/compiler/runtime/cent_runtime.c

@@ -735,6 +735,22 @@ CentValue cent_list_index(CentValue lst, CentValue idx) {
   return lst.lval.items[i - 1];
 }
 
+CentValue cent_list_slice(CentValue lst, CentValue lo, CentValue hi) {
+  if (lst.type != CENT_LIST)
+    cent_type_error("slice requires a list");
+  if (lo.type != CENT_INT || hi.type != CENT_INT)
+    cent_type_error("slice indices must be integers");
+  long from = lo.ival;
+  long to = hi.ival;
+  if (from < 1 || to > lst.lval.len || from > to)
+    cent_runtime_error("slice out of range");
+  int len = (int)(to - from + 1);
+  CentValue result = cent_list_new(len);
+  for (long j = from; j <= to; j++)
+    cent_list_push(&result, lst.lval.items[j - 1]);
+  return result;
+}
+
 void cent_list_index_set(CentValue *lst, CentValue idx, CentValue v) {
   if (lst->type == CENT_DICT) {
     cent_dict_set(lst, idx, v);

centvrion/compiler/runtime/cent_runtime.h

@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ void      cent_adivnge(CentValue path, CentValue content);      /* ADIVNGE */
 CentValue cent_list_new(int cap);
 void      cent_list_push(CentValue *lst, CentValue v);
 CentValue cent_list_index(CentValue lst, CentValue idx);        /* 1-based */
+CentValue cent_list_slice(CentValue lst, CentValue lo, CentValue hi); /* 1-based, inclusive */
 void      cent_list_index_set(CentValue *lst, CentValue idx, CentValue v);
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

centvrion/parser.py

@@ -326,6 +326,10 @@ class Parser():
     def array_index(tokens):
       return ast_nodes.ArrayIndex(tokens[0], tokens[2])
 
+    @self.pg.production('expression : expression SYMBOL_LBRACKET expression KEYWORD_VSQVE expression SYMBOL_RBRACKET', precedence='INDEX')
+    def array_slice(tokens):
+      return ast_nodes.ArraySlice(tokens[0], tokens[2], tokens[4])
+
     # ids
     @self.pg.production('ids : SYMBOL_LPARENS id_list')
     def ids(tokens):

language/main.aux

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language/main.tex

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
         \languageline{expression}{\texttt{FVNCTIO} \texttt{(} \textit{optional-ids} \texttt{)} \texttt{VT} \textit{scope}} \\
         \languageline{expression}{\textit{literal}} \\
         \languageline{expression}{\textit{expression} \texttt{[} \textit{expression} \texttt{]}} \\
+        \languageline{expression}{\textit{expression} \texttt{[} \textit{expression} \texttt{VSQVE} \textit{expression} \texttt{]} \textnormal{\small\ (inclusive slice)}} \\
         \languageline{expression}{\textit{expression} \textbf{binop} \textit{expression}} \\
         \languageline{expression}{\textbf{unop} \textit{expression}} \\ \hline
         \languageline{literal}{\textbf{string}} \\

snippets/array_slice.cent

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+DESIGNA x VT [X, XX, XXX, XL, L]
+DICE(x[II VSQVE IV])

tests.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from parameterized import parameterized
 from fractions import Fraction
 
 from centvrion.ast_nodes import (
-  ArrayIndex, Bool, BinOp, BuiltIn, DataArray, DataDict, DataRangeArray,
+  ArrayIndex, ArraySlice, Bool, BinOp, BuiltIn, DataArray, DataDict, DataRangeArray,
   Defini, Continva, Designa, DesignaDestructure, DesignaIndex, DumStatement,
   Erumpe, ExpressionStatement, Fvnctio, ID, InterpolatedString, Invoca,
   ModuleCall, Nullus, Numeral, PerStatement, Program, Redi, SiStatement,
@@ -673,6 +673,15 @@ error_tests = [
   ("DESIGNA a, b VT III", CentvrionError),                                 # destructure non-array
   ("DESIGNA a, b VT [I]", CentvrionError),                                # destructure length mismatch: too many targets
   ("DESIGNA a, b VT [I, II, III]", CentvrionError),                       # destructure length mismatch: too few targets
+  ("[I, II, III][II VSQVE IV]", CentvrionError),                           # slice upper bound out of range
+  ("[I, II, III][NVLLVS VSQVE II]", CentvrionError),                      # slice with non-integer bound
+  ("I[I VSQVE II]", CentvrionError),                                      # slice on non-array
+  ("[I, II, III][III VSQVE I]", CentvrionError),                           # slice from > to
+  ("CVM SVBNVLLA\n[I, II, III][-I VSQVE II]", CentvrionError),            # slice with negative lower bound
+  ("CVM SVBNVLLA\n[I, II, III][I VSQVE -I]", CentvrionError),             # slice with negative upper bound
+  ("CVM FRACTIO\n[I, II, III][IIIS VSQVE III]", CentvrionError),          # slice with fractional lower bound
+  ("CVM FRACTIO\n[I, II, III][I VSQVE IIIS]", CentvrionError),            # slice with fractional upper bound
+  ("CVM FRACTIO\n[I, II, III][I / II VSQVE III]", CentvrionError),        # slice with division-fraction lower bound
 ]
 
 class TestErrors(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1517,6 +1526,63 @@ class TestArrayIndexAssign(unittest.TestCase):
     run_test(self, source, nodes, value)
 
 
+# --- Array slicing ---
+
+array_slice_tests = [
+  # basic slice from middle
+  ("[X, XX, XXX, XL, L][II VSQVE IV]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(
+      DataArray([Numeral("X"), Numeral("XX"), Numeral("XXX"), Numeral("XL"), Numeral("L")]),
+      Numeral("II"), Numeral("IV")))]),
+    ValList([ValInt(20), ValInt(30), ValInt(40)])),
+  # slice of length 1
+  ("[I, II, III][II VSQVE II]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(
+      DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]),
+      Numeral("II"), Numeral("II")))]),
+    ValList([ValInt(2)])),
+  # full array slice
+  ("[I, II, III][I VSQVE III]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(
+      DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]),
+      Numeral("I"), Numeral("III")))]),
+    ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # slice on variable
+  ("DESIGNA a VT [I, II, III, IV, V]\na[II VSQVE IV]",
+    Program([], [
+      Designa(ID("a"), DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III"), Numeral("IV"), Numeral("V")])),
+      ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(ID("a"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("IV"))),
+    ]),
+    ValList([ValInt(2), ValInt(3), ValInt(4)])),
+  # slice then index (chained)
+  ("[I, II, III, IV][I VSQVE III][II]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArrayIndex(
+      ArraySlice(
+        DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III"), Numeral("IV")]),
+        Numeral("I"), Numeral("III")),
+      Numeral("II")))]),
+    ValInt(2)),
+  # slice on range array
+  ("[I VSQVE X][III VSQVE VII]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(
+      DataRangeArray(Numeral("I"), Numeral("X")),
+      Numeral("III"), Numeral("VII")))]),
+    ValList([ValInt(3), ValInt(4), ValInt(5), ValInt(6), ValInt(7)])),
+  # expression as slice bounds
+  ("[I, II, III, IV, V][I + I VSQVE II + II]",
+    Program([], [ExpressionStatement(ArraySlice(
+      DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III"), Numeral("IV"), Numeral("V")]),
+      BinOp(Numeral("I"), Numeral("I"), "SYMBOL_PLUS"),
+      BinOp(Numeral("II"), Numeral("II"), "SYMBOL_PLUS")))]),
+    ValList([ValInt(2), ValInt(3), ValInt(4)])),
+]
+
+class TestArraySlice(unittest.TestCase):
+  @parameterized.expand(array_slice_tests)
+  def test_array_slice(self, source, nodes, value):
+    run_test(self, source, nodes, value)
+
+
 # --- Comments ---
 
 comment_tests = [