🐐 Array functions

README.md

@@ -361,6 +361,21 @@ Returns the keys of `dict` as an array.
 
 Sorts an array in ascending order. Returns a new sorted array. All elements must be the same type — integers, fractions, or strings. Integers and fractions sort numerically; strings sort lexicographically.
 
+### ADDE
+`ADDE(array, value)`
+
+Returns a new array with `value` appended at the end. The original array is unchanged.
+
+### TOLLE
+`TOLLE(array, idx)`
+
+Returns a new array with the element at 1-based position `idx` removed. The index must be an integer in the range `[I, LONGITVDO(array)]`; out-of-range indices raise an error.
+
+### INSERE
+`INSERE(array, idx, value)`
+
+Returns a new array with `value` inserted at 1-based position `idx`, shifting later elements one position to the right. The index must be an integer in the range `[I, LONGITVDO(array) + I]`; passing `LONGITVDO(array) + I` is equivalent to `ADDE`.
+
 ### SENATVS
 `SENATVS(bool, ...)` or `SENATVS([bool])`
 

centvrion/ast_nodes.py

@@ -1496,6 +1496,32 @@ class BuiltIn(Node):
       case "EVERRE":
         print("\033[2J\033[H", end="", flush=True)
         return vtable, ValNul()
+      case "ADDE":
+        if len(params) != 2:
+          raise CentvrionError("ADDE takes exactly II arguments")
+        if not isinstance(params[0], ValList):
+          raise CentvrionError("ADDE requires an array")
+        return vtable, ValList(list(params[0].value()) + [params[1]])
+      case "TOLLE":
+        if len(params) != 2:
+          raise CentvrionError("TOLLE takes exactly II arguments")
+        if not isinstance(params[0], ValList):
+          raise CentvrionError("TOLLE requires an array")
+        items = list(params[0].value())
+        idx = _to_index_int(params[1])
+        if idx < 1 or idx > len(items):
+          raise CentvrionError(f"Index {idx} out of range for array of length {len(items)}")
+        return vtable, ValList(items[:idx - 1] + items[idx:])
+      case "INSERE":
+        if len(params) != 3:
+          raise CentvrionError("INSERE takes exactly III arguments")
+        if not isinstance(params[0], ValList):
+          raise CentvrionError("INSERE requires an array")
+        items = list(params[0].value())
+        idx = _to_index_int(params[1])
+        if idx < 1 or idx > len(items) + 1:
+          raise CentvrionError(f"Index {idx} out of range for array of length {len(items)}")
+        return vtable, ValList(items[:idx - 1] + [params[2]] + items[idx - 1:])
       case "ORDINA":
         if not isinstance(params[0], ValList):
           raise CentvrionError("ORDINA requires an array")

centvrion/compiler/emit_expr.py

@@ -313,6 +313,15 @@ def _emit_builtin(node, ctx):
     case "ORDINA":
       lines.append(f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_ordina({param_vars[0]});")
 
+    case "ADDE":
+      lines.append(f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_adde({param_vars[0]}, {param_vars[1]});")
+
+    case "TOLLE":
+      lines.append(f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_tolle({param_vars[0]}, {param_vars[1]});")
+
+    case "INSERE":
+      lines.append(f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_insere({param_vars[0]}, {param_vars[1]}, {param_vars[2]});")
+
     case "EVERRE":
       lines.append("cent_everre();")
       lines.append(f"CentValue {tmp} = cent_null();")

centvrion/compiler/runtime/cent_runtime.c

@@ -848,6 +848,56 @@ CentValue cent_ordina(CentValue lst) {
   return result;
 }
 
+static long _index_arg(CentValue idx, const char *name) {
+  if (idx.type == CENT_INT)
+    return idx.ival;
+  if (idx.type == CENT_FRAC && idx.fval.den == 1)
+    return idx.fval.num;
+  cent_type_error(name);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+CentValue cent_adde(CentValue lst, CentValue v) {
+  if (lst.type != CENT_LIST)
+    cent_type_error("'ADDE' requires a list");
+  int len = lst.lval.len;
+  CentValue result = cent_list_new(len + 1);
+  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+    cent_list_push(&result, lst.lval.items[i]);
+  cent_list_push(&result, v);
+  return result;
+}
+
+CentValue cent_tolle(CentValue lst, CentValue idx) {
+  if (lst.type != CENT_LIST)
+    cent_type_error("'TOLLE' requires a list");
+  long i = _index_arg(idx, "'TOLLE' index must be an integer");
+  int len = lst.lval.len;
+  if (i < 1 || i > len)
+    cent_runtime_error("'TOLLE' index out of range");
+  CentValue result = cent_list_new(len - 1);
+  for (int j = 0; j < len; j++)
+    if (j != i - 1)
+      cent_list_push(&result, lst.lval.items[j]);
+  return result;
+}
+
+CentValue cent_insere(CentValue lst, CentValue idx, CentValue v) {
+  if (lst.type != CENT_LIST)
+    cent_type_error("'INSERE' requires a list");
+  long i = _index_arg(idx, "'INSERE' index must be an integer");
+  int len = lst.lval.len;
+  if (i < 1 || i > len + 1)
+    cent_runtime_error("'INSERE' index out of range");
+  CentValue result = cent_list_new(len + 1);
+  for (int j = 0; j < i - 1; j++)
+    cent_list_push(&result, lst.lval.items[j]);
+  cent_list_push(&result, v);
+  for (int j = i - 1; j < len; j++)
+    cent_list_push(&result, lst.lval.items[j]);
+  return result;
+}
+
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 /* Array helpers                                                        */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

centvrion/compiler/runtime/cent_runtime.h

@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ CentValue cent_senatus(CentValue *args, int n);                /* SENATVS */
 CentValue cent_typvs(CentValue v);                              /* TYPVS */
 void      cent_dormi(CentValue n);                              /* DORMI */
 CentValue cent_ordina(CentValue lst);                           /* ORDINA */
+CentValue cent_adde(CentValue lst, CentValue v);                /* ADDE */
+CentValue cent_tolle(CentValue lst, CentValue idx);             /* TOLLE */
+CentValue cent_insere(CentValue lst, CentValue idx, CentValue v); /* INSERE */
 CentValue cent_lege(CentValue path);                            /* LEGE */
 void      cent_scribe(CentValue path, CentValue content);       /* SCRIBE */
 void      cent_adivnge(CentValue path, CentValue content);      /* ADIVNGE */

centvrion/lexer.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ keyword_tokens = [("KEYWORD_"+i, i) for i in [
 ]]
 
 builtin_tokens = [("BUILTIN", i) for i in [
+  "ADDE",
   "AVDI_NVMERVS",
   "AVDI",
   "CLAVES",
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ builtin_tokens = [("BUILTIN", i) for i in [
   "EVERRE",
   "FORTVITVS_NVMERVS",
   "FORTVITA_ELECTIO",
+  "INSERE",
   "LITTERA",
   "LONGITVDO",
   "MAIVSCVLA",
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ builtin_tokens = [("BUILTIN", i) for i in [
   "ORDINA",
   "SEMEN",
   "SENATVS",
+  "TOLLE",
   "TYPVS",
   "LEGE",
   "SCRIBE",

snippets/syntaxes/centvrion.sublime-syntax

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ contexts:
       scope: constant.language.centvrion
 
   builtins:
-    - match: '\b(ADIVNGE|AVDI_NVMERVS|AVDI|AVSCVLTA|CLAVES|DECIMATIO|DIC|DORMI|EVERRE|FORTVITVS_NVMERVS|FORTVITA_ELECTIO|LEGE|LITTERA|LONGITVDO|MAIVSCVLA|MINVSCVLA|NVMERVS|ORDINA|PETE|PETITVR|QVAERE|SCINDE|SCRIBE|SEMEN|SENATVS|SVBSTITVE|TYPVS)\b'
+    - match: '\b(ADDE|ADIVNGE|AVDI_NVMERVS|AVDI|AVSCVLTA|CLAVES|DECIMATIO|DIC|DORMI|EVERRE|FORTVITVS_NVMERVS|FORTVITA_ELECTIO|INSERE|LEGE|LITTERA|LONGITVDO|MAIVSCVLA|MINVSCVLA|NVMERVS|ORDINA|PETE|PETITVR|QVAERE|SCINDE|SCRIBE|SEMEN|SENATVS|SVBSTITVE|TOLLE|TYPVS)\b'
       scope: support.function.builtin.centvrion
 
   modules:

tests/03_test_builtins.py

@@ -76,6 +76,30 @@ builtin_tests = [
   ("CVM FRACTIO\nORDINA([III, S, II])", Program([ModuleCall("FRACTIO")], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("ORDINA", [DataArray([Numeral("III"), Fractio("S"), Numeral("II")])]))]), ValList([ValFrac(Fraction(1, 2)), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
   # ORDINA: array passed via variable
   ("DESIGNA x VT [III, I, II]\nORDINA(x)", Program([], [Designa(ID("x"), DataArray([Numeral("III"), Numeral("I"), Numeral("II")])), ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("ORDINA", [ID("x")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # ADDE: append to non-empty
+  ("ADDE([I, II], III)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("ADDE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II")]), Numeral("III")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # ADDE: append to empty
+  ("ADDE([], V)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("ADDE", [DataArray([]), Numeral("V")]))]), ValList([ValInt(5)])),
+  # ADDE: heterogeneous types are allowed
+  ('ADDE([I, II], "x")', Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("ADDE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II")]), String("x")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValStr("x")])),
+  # ADDE: print form to confirm output rendering
+  ("DIC(ADDE([I, II], III))", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("DIC", [BuiltIn("ADDE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II")]), Numeral("III")])]))]), ValStr("[I II III]"), "[I II III]\n"),
+  # TOLLE: remove middle element
+  ("TOLLE([I, II, III], II)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("TOLLE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]), Numeral("II")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(3)])),
+  # TOLLE: remove first element
+  ("TOLLE([I, II, III], I)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("TOLLE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]), Numeral("I")]))]), ValList([ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # TOLLE: remove last element
+  ("TOLLE([I, II, III], III)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("TOLLE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]), Numeral("III")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2)])),
+  # TOLLE: single-element array → empty
+  ("TOLLE([V], I)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("TOLLE", [DataArray([Numeral("V")]), Numeral("I")]))]), ValList([])),
+  # INSERE: insert into middle
+  ("INSERE([I, III], II, II)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("INSERE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("III")]), Numeral("II"), Numeral("II")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # INSERE: insert at front
+  ("INSERE([II, III], I, I)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("INSERE", [DataArray([Numeral("II"), Numeral("III")]), Numeral("I"), Numeral("I")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # INSERE: insert at len+1 (== append)
+  ("INSERE([I, II], III, III)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("INSERE", [DataArray([Numeral("I"), Numeral("II")]), Numeral("III"), Numeral("III")]))]), ValList([ValInt(1), ValInt(2), ValInt(3)])),
+  # INSERE: into empty array at idx 1
+  ("INSERE([], I, V)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("INSERE", [DataArray([]), Numeral("I"), Numeral("V")]))]), ValList([ValInt(5)])),
   # TYPVS: integer
   ("TYPVS(V)", Program([], [ExpressionStatement(BuiltIn("TYPVS", [Numeral("V")]))]), ValStr("NVMERVS")),
   # TYPVS: string

vscode-extension/syntaxes/cent.tmLanguage.json

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 			"patterns": [
 				{
 					"name": "support.function.builtin.cent",
-					"match": "\\b(ADIVNGE|AVDI_NVMERVS|AVDI|AVSCVLTA|CLAVES|DECIMATIO|DIC|DORMI|EVERRE|FORTVITVS_NVMERVS|FORTVITA_ELECTIO|LEGE|LITTERA|LONGITVDO|MAIVSCVLA|MINVSCVLA|NVMERVS|ORDINA|PETE|PETITVR|QVAERE|SCINDE|SCRIBE|SEMEN|SENATVS|SVBSTITVE|TYPVS)\\b"
+					"match": "\\b(ADDE|ADIVNGE|AVDI_NVMERVS|AVDI|AVSCVLTA|CLAVES|DECIMATIO|DIC|DORMI|EVERRE|FORTVITVS_NVMERVS|FORTVITA_ELECTIO|INSERE|LEGE|LITTERA|LONGITVDO|MAIVSCVLA|MINVSCVLA|NVMERVS|ORDINA|PETE|PETITVR|QVAERE|SCINDE|SCRIBE|SEMEN|SENATVS|SVBSTITVE|TOLLE|TYPVS)\\b"
 				}
 			]
 		},